Quantum physics has produced a successful description of three of the four fundamental forces of nature ( electromagnetism, the weak force, and the strong force) down to microscopic scales. We have two extraordinarily effective theories of the Universe: quantum physics and general relativity. Quantum gravity is perhaps the most frustrating problem facing modern physics. Related: Big Bang to civilization: 10 amazing origin events A quantum of gravity They found that it's possible that the Universe had no beginning – that it has always existed into the infinite past and only recently evolved into what we call the Big Bang. At some level, there's a fundamental unit of space-time, according to this theory.īento and his collaborators used this causal-set approach to explore the beginning of the Universe. In his work, he employed a new theory of quantum gravity, called causal set theory, in which space and time are broken down into discrete chunks of space-time. "Reality has so many things that most people would associate with sci-fi or even fantasy," said Bruno Bento, a physicist who studies the nature of time at the University of Liverpool in the UK.
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